English

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

PŘEDMINULÝ PROSTÝ

 Tvorba:

had + past participle / -ed

She had helped him before she left.    Had she helped him before she left?    She hadn't helped him before she left.    Yes, she had.    No, she hadn't.

1. Předminulý čas vyjadřuje minulý děj, který skončil před začátkem jiného minulého děje, vyjádřeného minulým časem.

Before he came to Brno, he had been in Prague.       After he had left Prague, he came to Brno.   When he came to Brno, he had already heard a lot about it.    When I arrived at the airport, I realised that I had forgotten my passport at home.    I cooked my lunch but before that I had done my homework.      I had visited Jane before I came at home.

2. Velmi často se v praxi používá předminulý čas také pro vyjádření důrazu – děje stojí v pořadí v jakém se staly, ale předminulý čas podtrhne a zdůrazní, který z dějů se stal první.

She had helped him before she left.    We had met and then they left the city.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PŘEDMINULÝ PRŮBĚHOVÝ

Tvorba:

had been + -ing

She had been waiting for him before he turned up.    Had she been waiting for him before he turned up?    She hadn't been waiting for him before he turned up.    Yes, she had.    No, she hadn't.

1. Pro předminulý průběhový čas platí stejná pravidla jako pro prostý jen se průběhový tvar vyjadřuje děj, který pokračoval až do určité doby v minulosti.

  Before I cooked my lunch, I had been reading the book for more than two hours.